Influence of US Marcellus Shale exploration & production on Russian Thesis Proposal

Influence of US Marcellus Shale exploration & production on Russian LNG export in Shtokman_proposal - Thesis Proposal Example The increasing supplies of shale gas in the US have substantially reduced US needs for Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG), and this shift in demand has resulted in several geopolitical implications. This paper will examine the effects of US Marcellus Shale exploration and production on Russian LNG export in the Shtokman area of Russia. Russian is among the world’s largest natural exporter. The Shtokman fields are some of the largest gas fields holding more than 3.8 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, as well as slightly more than 37 million tons of condensate gas (Barker 1). The Shtokman field, discovered by Soviet geophysicist Vladimir Shtokman in 1988, has not been explored due to the extreme climatic conditions in the Artic, as well as the depth of the sea as it varies from 1,050 to 1,120 feet. Russians scientists also warn that the development of Shtokman field will encounter problems as global warming sets free icebergs into the Arctic. In order to counter this challenge, the Shtokman Development Company will utilize floating removable platforms that can easily be removed in emergency situations. Knowledge about the existence of shale gas in the US is not new as geologists have known of the existence of shale formations for quite a long time. The principal hurdle has, however, been the issues of costs and technology. These have diminished over the last decade by the advent of new technologies that yield substantial cost reductions, hence making shale gas production in the US a reality. The net production of shale gas in the US has increased from a low amount in 2000 to more than 10 billion cubic feet each day in 2010. These figures will quadruple by the year 2040 and meet the requirements of natural gas in the US. It is paramount to note that without the constraints of government policies, as noted in other fuels such as coal, natural gas will play a significant role in the US energy market, as well as the entire

Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Network Security - Essay Example Its ability to integrate seamlessly personal functionalities such as digital entertainment and business such as enterprise emails has made it a favorite in the corporate world, and no doubt a major target for hackers. Blackberry handheld devices run on the Blackberry operating system that supports the use of specialized input devices tailor-made specifically to capture the elite smartphone user (BlackBerry support 2009). Features such as the track pad and most recently, the touch screen give the blackberry devices a unique design and places it a par above its closest rivals in the market. The BlackBerry Network Architecture Network architecture is the layout that includes the hardware, software components, the means of data transfer, and the communication protocols governing data transfer. BlackBerry devices are not merely standalone devices; they are integrated into a complex network that seeks to deliver remotely various services to users. This is convenient especially in an enterp rise setting where corporate users need to handle multiple tasks. Basically, blackberry devices connect and with other external devices in four ways. A data cable enables personal computer connectivity via the blackberry enterprise software, this mainly for transfer of files and media. Bluetooth connectivity synchronizes the device with other external devices and can be used to create an ad hoc network for file and resource sharing. Finally, radio and wireless connectivity serve the primary function of voice and data synchronize communication. The BlackBerry wireless, and radio connectivity platform makes it possible for an organization to offer its employees with access to its email servers even when away from the office. Blackberry devices connect wirelessly to networks using various transport architectures, and all devices have a specific transport mode that it associates with. Ultimately blackberry security is best when linked up with the blackberry enterprise server, which is d esigned specifically cooperate and commercial use. This server allows the smartphone to run on a remote platform with all the essential functionalities stored separate from the device. In essence, the blackberry can successfully be used for corporate business functions, and for personal use without any compromise on data integrity. Wi-Fi transport architecture provides internet connection to mobile devices, of a link to private networks. Through least cost routing, a wireless connection can be configured to allow a device connect to the enterprise server platform. This is because connections via the Wi-Fi transport are considered less expensive compared to other transport architectures like cellular transport. The TCP cellular transport relies on a wireless service provider usually via radio connectivity. Normally configurations are provided by wireless service providers who configure the device based on their infrastructure. Another transport system associated with blackberry devic es is the blackberry internet service. In this model, connection is established through the blackberry infrastructure. This automatically qualifies for the least cost routing and can be successfully integrated with the Wi-Fi transport. The blackberry MDS transport essentially is a mix of cellular radio transport and Wi-Fi transport. This transport allows a device to directly link up with its associated BlackBerry enterprise server via Blackberry infrastructure. Connection in this instance can be made using Wi-Fi or mobile radio but, all